What Is a Gerontologist? Role, Education & Careers

Key Takeaways

• Gerontologists are in high demand as the aging population continues to grow. By the late 2070s, adults over 65 are expected to outnumber children under 18.
• Numerous career pathways exist in the sector, such as positions in public advocacy, healthcare, and research.
• Education is essential, with most professionals holding degrees in psychology, biology, or social work, often followed by advanced study.
• Gerontology is a meaningful, people-centered career ideal for those who are compassionate, curious, and passionate about improving the lives of older adults.

What is a gerontologist, and why is this role more important now than ever before? Gerontologists are specialists in the study of aging who use advocacy, care planning, and research to enhance the quality of life for senior citizens. 

As life expectancy rises and global demographics shift, their work is becoming increasingly essential. By the late 2070s, adults aged 65 and over are projected to outnumber children under 18, and by the mid-2030s, those aged 80 and above will surpass the number of infants. These shifts point to an increasing need for experts who can assist society in adapting. 

In order to better serve aging populations, gerontologists are taking the lead in directing the development of healthcare systems, community initiatives, and governmental regulations. In this article, we’ll explore what they do, how to become one, and the meaningful careers this expanding field offers.

What Does a Gerontologist Do?

Gerontology focuses on improving the quality of life for older adults. Gerontologists are professionals in this field who take on a variety of roles, like studying how aging affects the body and mind, creating personalized care plans, and helping develop programs that support seniors. 

Some work behind the scenes in research or help shape public policies, while others work directly with older adults in hospitals or community settings. Because aging touches so many areas of life, gerontology brings together knowledge from social work, biology, psychology, and public health. 

It’s important to note that gerontologists are not the same as geriatricians—while geriatricians are medical doctors who treat age-related health issues, gerontologists often approach aging from a broader, interdisciplinary perspective.

In the next sections, we’ll take a closer look at some of the main responsibilities of gerontologists, including research, care planning, and advocating for older adults.

Conduct aging-related research

Research-focused gerontologists examine the biological, psychological, and social impacts of aging on individuals. They study a broad range of topics, including social connections, mental health, chronic illnesses, and memory decline. Some also investigate how environmental factors like housing conditions, pollution, and access to healthcare influence aging outcomes. 

This work usually takes place in settings such as research laboratories, universities, hospitals, or think tanks. The findings from their research help improve care strategies, inform public health policies, and guide future studies on aging. 

Additionally, their work supports the development of new treatments and technologies designed to help older adults maintain their independence and quality of life. These professionals expand our knowledge of the most effective ways to assist individuals as they age by studying aging from a variety of angles.

Develop care plans for older adults

Many gerontologists work directly with individuals and families to create personalized care plans. This involves assessing a person’s physical health, emotional state, lifestyle, and social network. 

When creating a care plan, gerontologists also take into account important factors like a person’s cultural background, living situation, and financial resources. Using this full picture, they design a strategy that could include medical treatment, home safety improvements, emotional support, or connections to local programs and services. 

They often work closely with doctors, nurses, caregivers, and social workers to make sure the plan fits the individual’s needs and helps them stay as independent and comfortable as possible. These care plans aren’t fixed—they’re updated as the person’s health or circumstances change, so staying flexible and responsive is essential for providing the right support over time.

Advocate for aging populations

Gerontologists are crucial in advocating for the needs of senior citizens. They seek to change laws that provide access to affordable housing, promote the growth of age-friendly neighborhoods, and enhance healthcare. 

Along with their policy work, they also assist in increasing public awareness of problems like ageism and the daily struggles that many elders have. They can be active in a variety of ways; some lead public campaigns, some work with nonprofit organizations, and others contribute to government projects. 

Many also participate in legislative meetings, publish research-based reports, or advise international groups focused on aging. By doing all of this, gerontologists help ensure that society is more tolerant and aware of the realities of aging and that older people are not neglected.

Types of Gerontologists

Gerontology offers a wide range of career options, each tailored to different interests and strengths. It’s not a single path but a field made up of various specializations—some centered on scientific research, others focused on hands-on care, social support, or policy development. 

Whether you’re someone who enjoys working with data or someone who thrives in face-to-face roles, there’s a place for you in gerontology. Each specialty plays an important part in meeting the complex and varied needs of older adults, allowing professionals to make a meaningful impact in different ways.

Social gerontologists

Social gerontologists explore the emotional and social aspects of growing older. They look at how connections with family, friends, and the wider community influence the mental health and overall well-being of seniors. 

Their work often includes studying serious issues like loneliness, elder abuse, and how different cultures view aging. By understanding these factors, they help develop strategies and programs that support a more connected and fulfilling life for older adults. 

Many social gerontologists apply their expertise in areas like social work, public policy, or organizations that serve aging populations. Social gerontologists may also design and manage programs that encourage social engagement, lifelong learning, and volunteerism among seniors. 

Their efforts help strengthen support systems and improve the emotional and social lives of the aging population.

Biogerontologists

Biogerontologists examine aging on a cellular and molecular level. Biogerontologists focus on the biological side of aging, studying how and why the body changes over time. They examine how the aging process is influenced by genetics, the environment, and biological processes, paying particular attention to elements like inflammation, cell damage, and mitochondrial decline. 

The majority of their work is done at academic institutions or research labs, where they contribute to important medical advancements. Their work helps in developing new treatments and preventative strategies for age-related illnesses like heart disease, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer’s. 

Biogerontologists are paving the road for longer, healthier lives by comprehending the science underlying aging.

Clinical gerontologists

Clinical gerontologists assist senior citizens in coping with a variety of mental, emotional, and physical problems that often come with aging. For conditions like depression, anxiety, or memory loss, they could offer behavioral support, therapy, or counseling. Some help diagnose cognitive disorders like dementia and help families make decisions about care and treatment. 

Clinical gerontologists are frequently seen working directly with patients and their care teams in hospitals, assisted living facilities, and community clinics. They may also educate staff and caregivers to ensure older adults receive thoughtful, informed, and personalized care every day.

How to Become a Gerontologist

Getting started in gerontology usually involves a mix of education and hands-on experience. Most people begin with a bachelor’s degree in a field like psychology, biology, or social work. 

From there, many go on to complete graduate programs that provide deeper knowledge and more specialized skills. Some schools also offer dedicated undergraduate and graduate degrees in gerontology, which provide a more focused approach to the field. 

Gaining practical experience in aging-related settings—through internships, research roles, or direct service—is also an important part of becoming career-ready. Exposure to real-world settings helps students understand the day-to-day challenges seniors face and how professionals can make a meaningful impact. 

Education requirements

A solid educational foundation is essential for a career in gerontology. Undergraduate degrees in fields like psychology, social work, biology, or gerontology provide important coursework in aging, public health, sociology, and biology. 

Some programs may also include service-learning projects or field placements in senior centers or healthcare facilities. These programs help students understand the many dimensions of aging. 

For more advanced roles, a master’s degree or PhD is often required. Graduate studies allow students to specialize in research, clinical care, policy, or program development. They also offer valuable hands-on training that prepares graduates for work in a wide range of professional settings. Students may also pursue electives in ethics, healthcare systems, or long-term care management, depending on their interests.

Certification and licensing

Depending on your role and location, certification or licensing may be necessary. While not always legally required, certification can strengthen your resume and expand your job options. One example is the credential offered by the National Association for Professional Gerontologists. 

Certain educational programs offer guidance on licensing pathways or certification exam preparation. For clinical roles like counseling or therapy, state licensure is typically mandatory. 

These credentials validate your knowledge and often lead to greater trust from clients, employers, and peers. Staying certified may also require continuing education, which keeps professionals up to date with the latest research and best practices.

Career Outlook and Salary for Gerontologists

With the world’s population aging at a rapid pace, job opportunities in gerontology are on the rise. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that medical scientists, which include many gerontologists, are projected to see 11% job growth between 2023 and 2033—much faster than the national average. 

Demand is especially high in areas like long-term care, senior housing, and community-based services. Salaries vary depending on your specialty, experience, and location. 

According to Glassdoor, gerontologists in the U.S. earn an average annual salary between $77,000 and $88,000. Senior roles in research institutions or healthcare leadership may pay even more. 

Is Gerontology the Right Career for You?

If you care deeply about people and are interested in the aging process, gerontology might be a great career path. This field is ideal for those who are empathetic, curious, and drawn to work that makes a difference. 

Professionals who enjoy solving complex problems, communicating across disciplines, and working in diverse environments often thrive in this field. Gerontology offers a wide variety of roles, from scientific research and policy to counseling and community programs. 

While the work can be emotionally challenging, it’s also incredibly meaningful. Whether you’re supporting someone through a difficult transition or helping shape national policy, you’re making a real impact.

Conclusion

As the global population ages, the need for trained gerontologists is becoming more urgent than ever. This field offers a wide range of meaningful careers, from scientific research to hands-on care and policy advocacy—all focused on improving the quality of life for older adults. If you’re compassionate, curious, and eager to make a difference, gerontology could be the right path for you. 

AUAMED’s MD program provides the academic foundation and support to help you begin a rewarding journey in this vital and growing profession.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a gerontologist and a geriatrician?

A gerontologist studies the aging process and supports older adults through research, care planning, or policy, while a geriatrician is a medical doctor who diagnoses and treats disease in older adults.

What are the signs to go see a gerontologist?

You might consider seeing a gerontologist if you or a loved one needs help managing aging-related challenges like memory issues, mobility concerns, emotional changes, or planning long-term care.